Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Investigating Aortic Valve Calcification via Isolation and Culture of T Lymphocytes using Feeder Cells from Irradiated Buffy Coat
04:30

Investigating Aortic Valve Calcification via Isolation and Culture of T Lymphocytes using Feeder Cells from Irradiated Buffy Coat

Published on: February 4, 2021

3.8K

Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Part 1--Molecular Pathogenetic Aspects, Hemodynamics, and Adaptive Feedbacks

Ares Pasipoularides1,2,3

  • 1Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. apasipou@duke.edu.

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research
|February 20, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) causing aortic valvular stenosis (AVS) involves active mechanisms beyond degeneration. Future research may lead to personalized treatments for CAVD and AVS.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pathobiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Aortic valvular stenosis (AVS) results from calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), primarily affecting older adults and often necessitating valve replacement.
  • Historically viewed as degenerative, CAVD is now understood to involve active, atherogenesis-like processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the evolving understanding of CAVD pathogenesis.
  • To emphasize the need for comprehensive management strategies for CAVD/AVS.
  • To underscore the potential for novel therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent investigations into CAVD mechanisms.
  • Analysis of genetic predisposition, signaling pathways, inflammation, and calcification in CAVD.
  • Consideration of left ventricular and arterial system interactions.

Main Results:

  • CAVD pathogenesis involves genetic factors, lipoprotein deposition, inflammation, and calcification/osteogenesis.
  • Management requires a holistic approach, addressing the valve, left ventricle, and arterial system.
  • Advanced understanding of genomic and cytomolecular mechanisms is emerging.

Conclusions:

  • CAVD/AVS may be amenable to lifestyle and pharmacogenomic interventions.
  • Future pluridisciplinary research will elucidate CAVD pathobiology and dynamics.
  • Personalized medicine treatments for CAVD/AVS are anticipated.

Keywords:
Aortic transvalvular pressure gradientAortic valve inflammation, fibrosis and calcific nodule buildupAortic valvular stenosis (AVS)Bicuspid aortic valve disease (BAVD)Compensatory myocardial hypertrophy in pressure overload (PO)Feedback control of myocardial hypertrophyFetal type genesGenomics of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD)HemodynamicsImmediate early-response genes (IEGs)Intrinsic component of the total systolic ventricular loadMacromolecular crowding and cardiomyocyte diameters in PO hypertrophyPressure loss recoveryReplication of cardiomyocyte sarcomeres in-parallel and in-series

More Related Videos

Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling07:31

Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling

Published on: April 16, 2021

3.4K
Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro05:47

Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro

Published on: May 10, 2021

4.8K

Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
1.2K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.3K
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
888
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
4.5K
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
842
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
547