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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
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The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia
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Ischemic proctosigmoiditis due to retroperitoneal hematoma.

Soeren Roepstorff1, Jacob Oehlenschläger2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Koege University Hospital, Koege, Denmark soeren@roepstorff.info.

Journal of Surgical Case Reports
|February 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of ischemic proctosigmoiditis, a severe gastrointestinal ischemia, was caused by a retroperitoneal hematoma. This condition, affecting the rectum, is uncommon and linked to significant patient morbidity and mortality.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal ischemia, primarily ischemic colitis, accounts for 50-60% of cases and carries high morbidity and mortality.
  • Ischemic proctosigmoiditis is exceptionally rare, with the rectum affected in only 2-5% of ischemic colitis cases due to its collateral blood supply.

Observation:

  • This report details a unique case of ischemic proctosigmoiditis.
  • The condition was precipitated by a retroperitoneal hematoma secondary to a pelvic fracture.

Findings:

  • The study highlights a rare etiology for ischemic proctosigmoiditis.
  • Retroperitoneal hematoma from pelvic fracture can lead to this severe gastrointestinal ischemia.

Implications:

  • Understanding rare causes of gastrointestinal ischemia is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • This case broadens the differential diagnosis for ischemic proctosigmoiditis, especially in trauma patients.