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Positional proteomics reveals differences in N-terminal proteoform stability.

Daria Gawron1, Elvis Ndah2, Kris Gevaert1

  • 1Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Molecular Systems Biology
|February 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alternative translation initiation impacts protein stability, with truncated proteoforms showing altered turnover rates. Methionine removal reduces stability, influencing proteome homeostasis.

Keywords:
N‐terminal proteoformalternative translation initiationinitiator methionine processingprotein stabilityribosome profiling

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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein N-termini are crucial for function and stability.
  • Alternative translation initiation and processing create diverse N-terminal proteoforms.
  • Understanding proteoform stability is key to proteome homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of alternative translation initiation on proteome-wide protein turnover.
  • To compare the stability of canonical and N-terminally truncated proteoforms.
  • To identify factors influencing proteoform stability.

Main Methods:

  • Proteome-wide study using positional proteomics and ribosome profiling.
  • Combined pulsed SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture) with N-terminal COFRADIC (Cofactor-Normalized Fragment Ion Dissociation Analysis).
  • Monitored stability of 1,941 human N-terminal proteoforms, including 147 alternative initiation-derived pairs.

Main Results:

  • N-terminally truncated proteoforms were less abundant and had altered stabilities compared to canonical forms.
  • Stability differences were linked to intrinsic protein characteristics like disorder, not truncation length or N-terminal amino acid.
  • Initiator methionine removal by methionine aminopeptidases decreased proteoform stability.
  • N-terminal acetylation did not significantly affect protein turnover rates.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences exist in protein stability among N-terminal proteoforms.
  • Alternative translation initiation and initiator methionine removal play roles in regulating proteome homeostasis.
  • These mechanisms, alongside alternative splicing, contribute to proteome stability and function.