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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Experimental Metastasis Assay
08:28

Experimental Metastasis Assay

Published on: August 24, 2010

Oncogenes and metastatic progression.

A H Greenberg1, S E Egan, J A Wright

  • 1Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

Invasion & Metastasis
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ras oncogenes can promote cancer metastasis, but their direct role is complex. Other oncogenes and gene interactions also significantly influence whether a cell becomes malignant and metastatic.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Genetics

Background:

  • Ras oncogenes are known to induce metastatic characteristics in various cell types.
  • The p21 ras-GTP complex is the presumed mediator of ras-driven transforming activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct involvement of ras in maintaining the metastatic phenotype.
  • To analyze the relationship between ras expression, p21 ras-GTP complex production, and metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ras gene expression levels in primary and metastatic tumor cells.
  • Examination of p21 ras-GTP complex formation.
  • Review of existing literature on oncogene involvement in metastasis.

Main Results:

  • While some studies support a direct role for p21 ras in metastasis, many cancers show no difference in ras expression between primary and metastatic cells.
  • Protein kinase-encoding oncogenes can also induce metastatic potential.
  • Ras's ability to induce metastasis may be regulated by other genes and oncogene interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Ras oncogenes contribute to metastasis, but their role is not always direct or solely dependent on their own expression levels.
  • The interplay between ras and other oncogenes, as well as regulatory gene networks, is crucial in determining cellular transformation and metastatic potential.
  • Malignancy and metastasis arise from complex genetic interactions rather than isolated oncogenic events.