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Determination of Crystal Structures

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

A Sample Preparation Pipeline for Microcrystals at the VMXm Beamline

A Sample Preparation Pipeline for Microcrystals at the VMXm Beamline

Published on: June 17, 2021

High-density grids for efficient data collection from multiple crystals.

Elizabeth L Baxter¹, Laura Aguila¹, Roberto Alonso-Mori²

¹Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Structural Biology

|February 20, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel high-density sample grid enables high-throughput mounting and data collection for radiation-sensitive crystals at synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) sources, streamlining structural investigations.

Keywords:

XFELs automation for sample-exchange robots high-throughput crystallography sample delivery serial crystallography

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Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

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$Microcrystallography of Protein Crystals and In Cellulo Diffraction$

Microcrystallography of Protein Crystals and In Cellulo Diffraction

Published on: July 21, 2017

Area of Science:

Structural Biology
Biophysics
Crystallography

Background:

High-throughput methods are crucial for structural investigations of small, radiation-sensitive crystals.
Efficient sample delivery is essential for femtosecond crystallography at X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) sources.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and utilize a high-density sample grid for efficient crystal mounting and data collection.
To support challenging structural investigations at synchrotron and XFEL sources.

Main Methods:

A high-density sample grid with 75 mounting ports was developed.
The grid was integrated with SSRL cassettes for expanded capacity (up to 7200 samples).
Automated routines for grid alignment, positioning, and data collection were incorporated into the Blu-Ice/DCSS system.

Main Results:

The grid facilitates efficient goniometer-based sample delivery at synchrotron and XFEL sources.
Polymer films enable room-temperature data collection from multiple samples.
Specialized tools, including a universal adaptor and incubation chambers, support grid-based crystallization experiments.

Conclusions:

The developed high-density sample grid enhances throughput for crystal mounting and data collection.
This method supports efficient structural investigations using microfocus synchrotron beamlines and XFEL sources.
The grid system is compatible with both synchrotron and XFEL experimental environments.