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Leaf Dynamics of Panicum maximum under Future Climatic Changes.

Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis Prado1, Lívia Haik Guedes de Camargo-Bortolin1, Érique Castro1

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Elevated temperatures boosted Panicum maximum foliage growth in winter, while elevated CO2 inhibited it. Combining both conditions partially offset CO2

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Panicum maximum Jacq. 'Mombaça' (C4) is a key forage grass.
  • Understanding plant responses to climate change factors like warming and elevated CO2 is crucial for agriculture.
  • Winter conditions present unique challenges for plant growth and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the individual and combined effects of elevated CO2 and canopy warming on Panicum maximum foliage development during winter.
  • To determine how these climate change factors influence leaf appearance, elongation, biomass, and nitrogen concentration.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiment using temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) and mini free-air CO2 enrichment (miniFACE) facilities.
  • Four treatment groups: Control (ambient conditions), elevated CO2 (eC), elevated temperature (eT), and combined elevated CO2 and temperature (eC+eT).
  • Measurements included leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), leaf area, leaf biomass, and foliar nitrogen concentration.

Main Results:

  • Elevated temperature (eT) significantly increased leaf area, biomass, LAR, and LER, resulting in the most robust foliage growth.
  • Elevated CO2 (eC) inhibited foliage development, leading to reduced LER, fewer green leaves, and lower leaf/stem biomass ratio.
  • The combined eC+eT treatment showed an inhibitory effect of eC on foliage development, though less severe than eC alone, and accelerated leaf maturation.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated temperatures can partially offset the negative impacts of elevated CO2 on Panicum maximum foliage production during winter.
  • Under sufficient water and nutrients, Panicum maximum exhibits differential responses to warming and elevated CO2, with warming being stimulatory and CO2 inhibitory.
  • Future climate change scenarios may lead to complex interactions affecting forage production, necessitating further research into species-specific responses.