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Related Concept Videos

Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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L1 Retrotransposition in Neural Progenitor Cells.

Alysson R Muotri1

  • 1Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Sanford Consortium 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive: room 3005, MC, 0695, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. muotri@ucsd.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|February 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE-1 or L1) are active in neuronal progenitor cells, influencing brain development and potentially contributing to cognitive uniqueness and mental disorders.

Keywords:
BrainL1LINE-1Neural progenitor cellsNeural stem cellsRetrotranspositionSomatic mosaicism

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE-1 or L1) are non-LTR retrotransposons that propagate within genomes.
  • Historically, L1s were considered genomic parasites with limited activity in somatic cells.
  • Recent research indicates significant L1 activity in neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) across species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and impact of L1 retrotransposons in neuronal progenitor cells.
  • To understand how de novo L1 insertions affect neuronal gene expression and neuronal diversity.
  • To explore the potential contribution of L1 activity to human cognition and mental disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of L1 retrotransposon activity in mouse, rat, and human NPCs.
  • Assessment of the impact of L1 insertions on neuronal transcriptional profiles.
  • Correlation of L1 activity with neuronal transcriptome uniqueness.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated high activity of L1 retrotransposons in mammalian NPCs.
  • Identified de novo L1 insertions altering neuronal gene expression.
  • Established a link between L1 insertions and the generation of unique neuronal transcriptomes.

Conclusions:

  • L1 retrotransposons are actively retroposing in NPCs, challenging previous notions of their somatic inactivity.
  • L1 insertions contribute to neuronal transcriptome diversity, potentially influencing individual cognitive traits.
  • L1 activity in NPCs may play a role in the etiology of human mental disorders.