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Single-trial evaluative conditioning can be moderated by instructed forgetting.

Anne Gast1, Florian Kattner2

  • 1University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. anne.gast@uni-koeln.de.

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Summary

Evaluative conditioning (EC) effects are stronger when individuals are instructed to remember conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) pairings. This suggests that memory availability during measurement is crucial for EC.

Keywords:
Contingency awarenessContingency memoryDirected forgettingEvaluative conditioningProactive interferenceRetroactive interference

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Evaluative conditioning (EC) involves changes in stimulus valence following pairing with affective stimuli.
  • Previous research links EC to memory of stimulus pairings, but causal relationships remain unclear.
  • Distinguishing memory's role during encoding versus retrieval in EC has been challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal role of memory in evaluative conditioning.
  • To differentiate the influence of memory during encoding versus measurement.
  • To examine how directed forgetting affects EC.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a directed forgetting procedure within the EC paradigm.
  • Instructed participants to either remember or forget specific conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) pairs.
  • Assessed EC effects and memory performance for targeted and non-targeted pairs.

Main Results:

  • EC effects were significantly stronger for to-be-remembered CS-US pairs compared to to-be-forgotten pairs.
  • The directed forgetting manipulation successfully altered memory for CS-US pairs.
  • Item-based analyses confirmed that the magnitude of EC was dependent on CS-US memory.

Conclusions:

  • Evaluative conditioning relies on the availability of memory representations during the measurement phase.
  • Directed forgetting can modulate EC by influencing memory accessibility.
  • This study provides causal evidence for memory's role in EC.