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Does physical exercise improve obstacle negotiation in the elderly? A systematic review.

Eliane C Guadagnin1, Emmanuel S da Rocha2, Jacques Duysens3

  • 1Exercise Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
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PubMed
Summary

Regular physical exercise can improve obstacle negotiation in older adults. Longer, consistent training programs (2-3 times weekly) show the most benefit for this challenged gait.

Keywords:
AgingGaitObstacle negotiationTraining

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Physical exercise is known to enhance walking in the elderly.
  • Its impact on more complex gait patterns, such as obstacle negotiation, remains less understood.
  • This systematic review focuses on the effects of regular physical exercise on the kinematics and kinetics of obstacle negotiation in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and discuss the effects of regular physical exercise on obstacle negotiation in the elderly.
  • To analyze kinematic and kinetic parameters associated with improved obstacle negotiation following exercise interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search identified 859 citations, with 206 progressing to full-text analysis.
  • Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review.
  • Included studies employed diverse testing paradigms, including single/multiple obstacle crossings and treadmill-based avoidance tasks under time pressure.

Main Results:

  • Included studies generally demonstrated reasonable quality (average 0.68), though none were randomized controlled trials.
  • Intervention durations varied significantly, from 5 days to 10 months.
  • Longer training programs yielded better results, while very short programs were ineffective.

Conclusions:

  • Most exercise types were effective for improving obstacle negotiation, but no single best exercise has been identified.
  • A weekly training frequency of 2-3 times was most common in studies showing positive effects.
  • Further research is needed, and incorporating fall scores could aid in selecting optimal exercise programs.