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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
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Pain in the Elderly.

Mark R Jones1, Ken P Ehrhardt2, Juan G Ripoll2

  • 1Medical Student, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.

Current Pain and Headache Reports
|February 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic pain is a growing concern for the elderly population in the USA. Effective diagnosis and treatment require a thorough history, physical exam, and appropriate pain assessment tools.

Keywords:
ArthritisBack painChronic painElderlyNSAIDsOpioidsPain

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Pain Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The aging population in the USA is rapidly increasing, leading to a rise in chronic pain issues among the elderly.
  • Elderly individuals are more susceptible to painful conditions like osteoarthritis, diabetic neuropathy, and lower back pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges and current approaches to pain management in the elderly population.
  • To discuss the epidemiology, diagnostic methods, comorbidities, and available treatments for chronic pain in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes information on pain assessment tools, common conditions, and therapeutic interventions.
  • It examines the unique aspects of pain management in geriatric patients.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive history and physical examination are crucial for diagnosing pain in the elderly.
  • Various pain assessment scales (VDS, NRS, VAS) can aid in evaluation.
  • Effective treatments include analgesics (NSAIDs, opioids) and interventional pain techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing chronic pain in the elderly requires a multifaceted approach considering their specific needs and comorbidities.
  • Continued research and physician education are vital for optimizing pain management strategies in this demographic.