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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

2.8K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
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[IMMUNIZATIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS--PRINCIPLES AND UPDATED RECOMMENDATIONS].

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    Immunocompromised patients face higher infection risks from vaccine-preventable diseases. This review details safe vaccination strategies, considering live vs. inactivated vaccines and special populations like travelers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Context:

    • Increasing prevalence of immunocompromised patients.
    • Elevated risk of severe outcomes from infections in this population.
    • Vaccine-preventable diseases pose significant threats.

    Purpose:

    • To address critical questions regarding vaccine administration in immunocompromised individuals.
    • To summarize current immunization recommendations for immunocompromised patients.
    • To provide information on vaccine safety, efficacy, and contraindications.

    Summary:

    • Live vaccines may cause adverse events in immunocompromised patients.
    • Inactivated vaccines might offer reduced or shorter protection.
    • Vaccination prior to immunosuppressive therapy is often preferred.
    • Guidance is needed for vaccinating household contacts and immunocompromised travelers.

    Impact:

    • Aims to improve clinical decision-making for vaccinating at-risk populations.
    • Highlights the need for more data on vaccine safety and immunogenicity in immunocompromised individuals.
    • Contributes to better management of vaccine-preventable diseases in vulnerable groups.