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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

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Palmar Creases: Classification, Reliability and Relationships to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).

Siobhán M Mattison, Emily K Brunson, Darryl J Holman

Collegium Antropologicum

|February 23, 2016

Summary

This study found that while palmar creases can be reliably classified, their patterns are not associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). This suggests creases may not be a reliable indicator of prenatal alcohol exposure.

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Area of Science:

Dermatoglyphics
Developmental biology
Medical diagnostics

Background:

Palmar creases form early in fetal development, leading to speculation about their use as indicators of developmental insults.
Deviations in palmar crease patterns have been hypothesized to correlate with various developmental conditions.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the efficacy and reliability of two distinct methods for coding palmar crease patterns (M1 and M2).
To investigate the potential relationship between specific palmar crease patterns and the presence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).

Main Methods:

Bilateral palm prints were collected from 237 individuals diagnosed with FASD and 190 controls using a carbon paper and tape method.
Two coding methods (M1: classifying simian and Sydney line variants; M2: counting radial crease origins) were applied to all prints.
Reliability of coding methods was assessed through intra- and inter-observer Kappa coefficients on a subset of prints.

Main Results:

Both coding methods demonstrated reliable intra-observer classifications (Kappa: 0.804-0.910).
Inter-observer reliability was higher for M2 (Kappa: 0.647-0.757) compared to M1 (Kappa: 0.582-0.623).
Analysis of 427 palm prints revealed no statistically significant relationship between palmar crease variants and FASD, even after controlling for sex and ethnicity.

Conclusions:

Palmar crease patterns can be classified with good reliability using established methods.
The study found no evidence to support the hypothesis that palmar crease patterns are altered by fetal alcohol exposure.
Palmar crease analysis may not serve as a diagnostic marker for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.