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Related Concept Videos

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Evolutionary Processes in Microbes01:26

Evolutionary Processes in Microbes

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Microbial evolution occurs rapidly due to short generation times and a variety of genetic processes, including horizontal gene transfer, mutation, recombination, and genetic drift. These mechanisms collectively enable microbes to adapt swiftly to changing environments.Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) allows genes to move between different species and occurs through three main mechanisms: conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Conjugation involves direct cell-to-cell contact for DNA...
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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
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Eco-evolutionary dynamics in a coevolving host-virus system.

Jens Frickel1, Michael Sieber2, Lutz Becks1

  • 1Community Dynamics Group, Department Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany.

Ecology Letters
|February 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eco-evolutionary dynamics reveal how host-parasite interactions shape population stability. Arms race dynamics initially caused oscillations, but host resistance and trade-offs led to long-term stability and diversity.

Keywords:
Algae-virusarms racecoevolutioneco-evolutionary dynamicsfluctuating selectionhost-virusinfectivityresistancetrade-off

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Eco-evolutionary dynamics are crucial for understanding population and community stability and adaptive potential.
  • Coevolutionary dynamics within the eco-evolutionary framework remain underexplored.
  • Antagonistic interactions between hosts and parasites are key drivers of evolutionary change.

Discussion:

  • Experimental and modeling approaches were combined to investigate eco-evolutionary dynamics in algal-host and viral-parasite systems.
  • Initial arms race dynamics (ARD) with selective sweeps led to oscillating population dynamics.
  • The evolution of general host resistance stabilized populations, transitioning from ARD to trade-off driven dynamics.

Key Insights:

  • Antagonistic coevolution can transition from arms race dynamics to stable states.
  • Host resistance evolution, coupled with trade-offs, can maintain host diversity.
  • Eco-evolutionary interactions significantly impact the predictability of adaptation and population stability.

Outlook:

  • Further research can explore the long-term consequences of trade-off driven dynamics on ecosystem functions.
  • Investigating diverse host-parasite systems will reveal the generalizability of these eco-evolutionary principles.
  • Understanding these dynamics is critical for predicting responses to environmental change and managing biological invasions.