A review of the three-dimensional cell culture technique: Approaches, advantages and applications

Cell culture is a core and basic technique in biotechnology and is widely applied in biology, medicine, drug research and development. Traditional two-dimensional cell culture methods have undergone great developments. However, with in-depth basic research, higher requirements are needed to better mimic the in vivo environment to accurately observe cell behavior and explore its mechanisms. To comply with this situation, the three-dimensional cell culture technique emerged and has made profound advances in sustaining inherent cell properties. Here, we briefly review the development of this technique, including the main approaches to form three-dimensional microtissues, and its application and potential for future clinical therapies.