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Direct single-shot phase retrieval from the diffraction pattern of separated objects.

Ben Leshem1, Rui Xu2, Yehonatan Dallal1

  • 1Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

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Summary
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This study introduces a new convex method for phase retrieval in coherent diffractive imaging. It uses objects as references, simplifying complex phase reconstruction for single-shot imaging applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Imaging

Background:

  • The non-crystallographic phase problem is a significant challenge in scientific imaging.
  • Current methods like iterative algorithms and Fourier holography have limitations.
  • Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) with X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enables 'diffraction before destruction' experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel convex scheme for single-shot phase retrieval.
  • To overcome the computational challenges of existing phase reconstruction methods.
  • To enable direct reconstruction of complex objects in CDI.

Main Methods:

  • A convex phase retrieval scheme utilizing two or more separated objects as mutual references.
  • Reduction of the phase problem to a solvable set of linear equations.
  • Numerical and experimental validation in the optical domain.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of single-shot phase retrieval in two dimensions.
  • Proof-of-principle for single-shot CDI using XFEL pulses.
  • The proposed method alleviates limitations of current iterative and holographic approaches.

Conclusions:

  • The developed convex scheme offers a new pathway for direct phase reconstruction.
  • This method simplifies phase retrieval for CDI, particularly in 'diffraction before destruction' experiments.
  • Potential for broader applications in scientific and technological fields requiring phase information.