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A Model for Geometry-Dependent Errors in Length Artifacts.

Daniel Sawyer1, Brian Parry2, Steven Phillips1

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|February 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gravity causes dimensional changes in long artifacts like step gauges. Our model predicts errors from bending and out-of-straightness, crucial for accurate length measurements.

Keywords:
ASME B89.1.12Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)ISO 10360Step Gaugesball barsdesign of length artifactsdimensional artifactshigh accuracy length standardsperformance evaluation of (CMM)

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Area of Science:

  • Metrology and Measurement Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate dimensional metrology is critical for precision engineering and manufacturing.
  • Long artifacts, such as step gauges and ball bars, are susceptible to gravitational deformation.
  • Existing models may not fully account for combined effects of bending and geometric imperfections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive model for predicting dimensional changes in long artifacts under gravity.
  • To quantify errors arising from gauge point placement relative to the neutral bending surface.
  • To investigate the impact of out-of-straightness on length measurement accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Developing a detailed physical model based on the neutral bending surface.
  • Evaluating the influence of gauge point positions.
  • Analyzing the effect of geometric deviations (out-of-straightness).
  • Experimental validation using a 1-meter ball bar.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately predicts dimensional errors caused by gauge points located off the neutral bending surface.
  • Significant length errors are observed due to out-of-straightness, even with gauge points on the neutral surface.
  • Experimental data, showing a 1.5 µm length change on a 1 m ball bar with 0.4 mm out-of-straightness, validates the model.

Conclusions:

  • The presented model provides a robust framework for understanding and predicting gravitational effects on long measurement artifacts.
  • Accounting for out-of-straightness is essential for high-accuracy length metrology.
  • The findings are vital for calibration laboratories and industries relying on precise dimensional measurements.