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Auditory and visual sustained attention in Down syndrome.

Gayle G Faught¹, Frances A Conners¹, Zachary M Himmelberger¹

¹Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0348, United States.

Research in Developmental Disabilities

|February 23, 2016

Summary

Sustained attention (SA) in youth with Down syndrome (DS) matches developmental levels across auditory and visual modalities. While SA generally predicts short-term memory (STM), it doesn't explain modality-specific STM differences in DS.

Keywords:

Developmental trajectory Down syndrome Short-term memory Sustained attention Sustained attention to response test Typically developing children

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Genetics

Background:

Sustained attention (SA) is crucial for cognitive development and task performance.
SA emerges in preschool and improves throughout early childhood.
Understanding SA in youth with Down syndrome (DS) is vital for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if auditory and visual SA align with developmental levels in youth with DS.
To determine if modality-specific effects in SA predict those observed in short-term memory (STM).
To explore the predictive relationship between SA and STM in youth with DS.

Main Methods:

Compared youth with DS to typically developing peers matched for nonverbal mental age and vocabulary.
Administered auditory and visual sustained attention to response tests (SARTs).
Assessed short-term memory (STM) performance across modalities.

Main Results:

Groups performed similarly on both auditory and visual SARTs, irrespective of cognitive ability.
Participants within each group showed comparable performance on auditory and visual SARTs.
SA generally predicted unique variance in STM performance for both groups.

Conclusions:

Auditory and visual SA appear to align with developmental levels in youth with DS.
SA generally predicts STM capacity in youth with DS.
SA does not fully account for the characteristic pattern of poorer auditory relative to visual STM in DS.