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Green Algae

Green Algae

Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...

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DNA Barcoding Green Microalgae Isolated from Neotropical Inland Waters.

Sámed I I A Hadi^1,2,3, Hugo Santana^1,4, Patrícia P M Brunale¹

¹Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF, Brazil.

|February 23, 2016

Summary

DNA barcoding using nuclear rDNA markers (nuITS1 and nuITS2) proved effective for identifying diverse freshwater green microalgae. The nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (nuITS2) marker is recommended for its database accessibility and identification accuracy.

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Area of Science:

Algology
Molecular Biology
Biodiversity Studies

Background:

Neotropical inland waters harbor a diverse and poorly characterized group of freshwater green microalgae.
Accurate identification of microalgal species is crucial for understanding aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the efficacy of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Large subunit gene (rbcL) and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions (nuITS1 and nuITS2) as DNA barcodes for neotropical freshwater green microalgae.
To compare the performance of nuITS1, nuITS2, and rbcL markers in species identification.

Main Methods:

DNA barcoding was performed on 51 freshwater green microalgae strains from Brazil using rbcL and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions.
Universal primers were used for ITS amplification, while new primers were designed for rbcL.
Species identification was based on barcode gap calculations, Compensatory Base Change (CBC) analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and morphological inspection.

Main Results:

The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region successfully amplified and sequenced 92% of samples, with 35% identified to species level using nuITS1 or nuITS2.
The rbcL marker required new primer design and achieved 96% sequencing success, but only 6% of strains were identified to species level.
nuITS2, combined with phylogenetic and morphological data, provided accurate species identification, leveraging available databases.

Conclusions:

Nuclear internal transcribed spacer regions (nuITS1 and nuITS2) are effective DNA barcodes for freshwater green microalgae.
nuITS2 is particularly advantageous due to greater availability of analytical tools and reference barcodes in databases.
The rbcL marker showed lower utility for species-level identification in this diverse microalgal group.