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Latest options for treatment of bronchiolitis in infants

Silvia Vandini1, Giacomo Faldella1, Marcello Lanari2

  • 1a Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine
|February 23, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Bronchiolitis treatment in infants relies on supportive care for respiratory issues. While ribavirin is approved for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections, its use is limited, and research into new antiviral drugs continues.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in infants.
  • Current treatment primarily involves supportive care for symptoms like respiratory distress and hypoxia.
  • No specific antiviral drug is routinely used for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on drugs used for acute bronchiolitis.
  • To summarize current national and international treatment guidelines.
  • To present the latest therapeutic options for bronchiolitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on bronchiolitis treatments.
  • Analysis of national and international clinical guidelines.
  • Synthesis of information on emerging antiviral therapies.

Main Results:

  • Treatment for bronchiolitis is mainly supportive, addressing respiratory distress, hypoxia, and dehydration.
  • Ribavirin is the only approved antiviral for RSV infections but has limited use due to side effects and risks.
  • Efficacy of several routinely administered drugs lacks strong clinical evidence, and new antiviral drug studies are ongoing.

Conclusions:

  • Supportive care remains the cornerstone of bronchiolitis management.
  • There is a need for effective and safe antiviral therapies for RSV infections.
  • Ongoing research and guideline updates are crucial for optimizing bronchiolitis treatment.

Keywords:
BronchiolitisBronchodilatorsCorticosteroidsEpinephrineHypertonic saline solutionInfantsOxygen TherapyRespiratory Syncytial VirusRibavirin

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