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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Menopause01:28

Menopause

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

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Hypothyroidism in Women.

Donna Dunn1, Carla Turner1

  • 1School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL.

Nursing for Women'S Health
|February 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in women, characterized by insufficient thyroid hormone production. Early diagnosis and levothyroxine treatment are crucial for managing symptoms like fatigue and weight gain.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Thyroid Disorders

Background:

  • Hypothyroidism is the second most frequent endocrine disorder affecting women.
  • Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cognitive changes, infertility, and menstrual irregularities.
  • Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the leading cause of hypothyroidism in the U.S.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism.
  • To emphasize the role of thyroid-stimulating hormone in screening.
  • To discuss levothyroxine as the standard treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic criteria for hypothyroidism.
  • Evaluation of screening recommendations by the American Thyroid Association.
  • Assessment of thyroid-stimulating hormone sensitivity.
Keywords:
T3T4TSHhypothyroidismlevothyroxinepregnancy

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Main Results:

  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone is a sensitive marker for thyroid dysfunction.
  • Levothyroxine monotherapy is the established treatment.
  • Prompt diagnosis necessitates appropriate testing.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of hypothyroidism relies on accurate diagnostic tests.
  • Screening for thyroid disease is recommended starting at age 35.
  • Levothyroxine remains the cornerstone of hypothyroidism therapy.