Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

1.5K
The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
1.5K
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

2.0K
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
2.0K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

5.1K
In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
5.1K
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

2.0K
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
2.0K
Thermometers and Temperature Scales01:22

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

8.3K
Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
As many physical properties depend on temperature, the variety of thermometers is...
8.3K
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics01:14

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

7.7K
Experimentally, if object A is in equilibrium with object B, and object B is in equilibrium with object C, then object A is in equilibrium with object C. That statement of transitivity is called the "zeroth law of thermodynamics." For example, a cold metal block and a hot metal block are both placed on a metal plate at room temperature. Eventually, the cold block and the plate will be in thermal equilibrium. In addition, the hot block and the plate will be in thermal equilibrium.
7.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Practical primary thermometry via alkali-metal-vapour Doppler broadening.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same author

Infrared thermography and ulcer prevention in the high-risk diabetic foot: data from a single-blind multicentre controlled clinical trial.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association·2019
Same author

Progress towards the determination of thermodynamic temperature with ultra-low uncertainty.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2016
Same author

Dissemination of thermodynamic temperature above the freezing point of silver.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2016
Same author

Thermodynamic temperature assignment to the point of inflection of the melting curve of high-temperature fixed points.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2016
Same journal

Inverse FIP effect plasma in the solar atmosphere: a synthesis of current understanding and new insights from AR 11967.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Signs of sulfur fractionation under high magnetic field strength.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

First ionization potential fractionation of sulfur observed with spectral imaging of the coronal environment.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Chromospheric dynamics and turbulence regulate the solar FIP effect.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Exploring the link between wave activity in the photospheric velocity driver and the FIP bias in the solar corona.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Radiative hydrodynamic simulations of first ionization potential fractionation in solar flares.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
09:18

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Published on: December 14, 2017

11.1K

Thermodynamic temperature by primary radiometry.

Klaus Anhalt1, Graham Machin2

  • 1Department 7.3, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, Berlin 10587, Germany klaus.anhalt@ptb.de.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|February 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-accuracy cryogenic radiometers enable direct thermodynamic temperature measurements with uncertainties comparable to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). This advancement offers precise radiation thermometry below the silver point.

Keywords:
primary thermometryradiation thermometryradiometry

More Related Videos

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

12.5K
Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers
08:44

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

Published on: October 24, 2018

6.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
09:18

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Published on: December 14, 2017

11.1K
Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

12.5K
Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers
08:44

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

Published on: October 24, 2018

6.4K

Area of Science:

  • Metrology
  • Thermodynamics
  • Radiometry

Background:

  • The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) defines temperature above the silver freezing point using blackbody radiation and Planck's law.
  • Direct thermodynamic temperature determination requires radiation detectors calibrated in absolute terms for spectral responsivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of radiometer designs for primary radiometry.
  • To describe the calibration and experimental procedures for low-uncertainty thermodynamic temperature measurements.
  • To review typical results obtained using these advanced radiometry techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-quality semiconductor photodiodes and cryogenic radiometers for absolute radiation thermometry.
  • Calibrating radiometric detector standards with uncertainties of 0.01-0.02%.
  • Applying Planck's law directly for thermodynamic temperature determination.

Main Results:

  • Development of radiometric detector standards with very small uncertainties.
  • Achieving thermodynamic temperature measurements with uncertainties comparable to ITS-90 realizations.
  • Demonstrating the applicability of these radiometers for temperatures well below the silver point.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced radiometers offer a viable alternative for precise thermodynamic temperature measurements.
  • These methods provide low-uncertainty measurements, extending capabilities below the silver freezing point.
  • The development of high-accuracy radiometers significantly advances primary radiometry.