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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

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Overview
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
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Type 1 diabetes associated autoimmunity.

George J Kahaly1, Martin P Hansen1

  • 1Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.

Autoimmunity Reviews
|February 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease linked to other autoimmune conditions. Early detection of antibodies and latent dysfunction is crucial for preventing severe complications in T1D patients.

Keywords:
Autoimmune thyroid diseaseEndocrine autoimmunityType 1 diabetes

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Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
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High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a growing global health concern with significant economic costs due to associated cardiovascular complications.
  • T1D is an autoimmune disease resulting from the loss of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells, driven by complex genetic and environmental factors.
  • Individuals with T1D have a higher predisposition to other autoimmune disorders, including thyroid disease, Addison's disease, autoimmune gastritis, celiac disease, and vitiligo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increased risk of co-occurring autoimmune diseases in patients with Type 1 diabetes.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection of autoantibodies and subclinical organ dysfunction in T1D patients.
  • To advocate for patient and family education regarding the recognition of symptoms for associated autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on the prevalence of autoimmune comorbidities in Type 1 diabetes patients.
  • Analysis of the genetic and immunological factors contributing to the multifactorial pathogenesis of T1D.
  • Assessment of diagnostic markers for early detection of organ-specific autoimmune diseases.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 20-25% of T1D patients have thyroid antibodies, with up to 50% developing clinical autoimmune thyroid disease.
  • Concomitant Addison's disease affects about 0.5% of diabetic patients, while celiac disease affects 4%.
  • Autoimmune gastritis and pernicious anemia prevalence ranges from 5-10% and 2.6-4%, respectively, in T1D populations.

Conclusions:

  • Type 1 diabetes patients exhibit a significantly elevated risk for developing other autoimmune diseases.
  • Early identification of autoantibodies and latent dysfunction is critical for timely medical intervention and prevention of advanced disease.
  • Educating patients and families about recognizing symptoms is essential for managing the broader spectrum of autoimmune conditions associated with T1D.