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Striatal Circuits as a Common Node for Autism Pathophysiology.

Marc V Fuccillo¹

¹Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|February 24, 2016

Summary

Investigating genetic mouse models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) reveals that striatal circuit abnormalities are common, potentially explaining social and repetitive behavior deficits. This suggests a unified mechanism for ASD pathogenesis.

Keywords:

autism spectrum disorders circuit dorsal striatum mouse models nucleus accumbens (NAcc)synaptic transmission

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Behavioral Science

Background:

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present with social deficits and repetitive behaviors.
The underlying neural mechanisms, particularly the role of the striatum, are under investigation.
The striatum's broader functions in behavior regulation are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore if striatal circuit abnormalities are a common mechanism in various genetic mouse models of ASD.
To determine if striatal dysfunction mediates a range of ASD-related behaviors, including social and cognitive deficits.

Main Methods:

Review of multiple genetic mouse models of ASD.
Comparative analysis of striatal circuit structure and function across models.
Correlation of striatal abnormalities with behavioral phenotypes.

Main Results:

Numerous genetic ASD mouse models show altered striatal structure and function.
These alterations are associated with ASD-like behaviors, including repetitive grooming, motor routines, social interaction deficits, and decision-making impairments.
Despite diverse genetic causes, striatal circuit dysfunction appears to be a common feature.

Conclusions:

Striatal circuit abnormalities represent a potential common pathophysiological mechanism in ASD development.
Identifying these circuits can offer insights into ASD etiology and potential therapeutic targets.
Understanding striatal mechanisms may also inform research into other neuropsychiatric disorders with overlapping symptoms.