Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 25, 2026
14:27
Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data
Published on: June 26, 2013
16.5K
Cardiorespiratory Coordination after Training and Detraining. A Principal Component Analysis Approach
Natàlia Balagué1, Jacob González1, Casimiro Javierre2
1Institut Nacional d'Educació Fisica de Catalunya, Department of Health and Applied Sciences, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain.
Frontiers in Physiology
|February 24, 2016
Summary
Different exercise training methods alter cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC). Both aerobic and resistance training significantly changed CRC, suggesting these adaptations are detectable and potentially precede improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Sports Science
- Cardiovascular Research
Background:
- Cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC) is crucial for efficient physiological response during exercise.
- Understanding how different training modalities impact CRC is essential for optimizing training programs.
- Existing methods for assessing cardiorespiratory function may not fully capture training-induced adaptations in coordination.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of aerobic (AT), resistance (RT), and combined aerobic plus resistance (AT + RT) training on cardiorespiratory coordination.
- To examine the impact of detraining on cardiorespiratory coordination following a period of training.
- To compare the sensitivity of cardiorespiratory coordination changes to training with traditional cardiorespiratory reserve measures.
Main Methods:
- Thirty-two young males were divided into AT, RT, AT + RT, and control (C) groups.
- Participants underwent assessments before training, after 6 weeks of training, and after 3 weeks of detraining.
- Principal component (PC) analysis of cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory variables was used to evaluate CRC, focusing on PC1 congruence.
Main Results:
- Principal component analysis identified changes in the number of PCs and variable projections in trained groups post-intervention.
- The PC1 coefficient of congruence was significantly lower in all training groups compared to the control group.
- These alterations in CRC were observed after training and persisted after the detraining period.
Conclusions:
- Exercise training, encompassing aerobic and resistance modalities, induces significant changes in cardiorespiratory coordination.
- The observed changes in CRC are quantifiable through principal component analysis and may serve as a sensitive indicator of training adaptation.
- Cardiorespiratory coordination adaptations might occur earlier than changes in traditional cardiorespiratory reserve metrics.
Keywords:
cardiorespiratory exercise testingcomplex adaptive systemscoordinative variablesphysiological variablesprincipal component analysisstrength variablestraining effectsMore Related Videos
14:28Software for Analysis of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Time-series Data from the Valsalva Maneuver
Published on: June 27, 2025
1.2K
09:01A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
Published on: May 7, 2014
10.6K
Related Concept Videos
01:25Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle
14.5K
The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
14.5K
01:23Physiological Control of Respiration
6.7K
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
6.7K
01:17Exercise and Cardiac Output
2.5K
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
2.5K
01:17Other Factors Affecting Respiration Centers
1.8K
Breathing is primarily an involuntary activity regulated by the brainstem respiratory centers. However, it can also be consciously controlled, allowing us to hold our breath or take deeper breaths when needed. This voluntary control is facilitated by the cerebral motor cortex, which bypasses the medullary centers to stimulate the respiratory muscles directly.
However, the ability to hold one's breath voluntarily is not limitless. When the CO2 concentration in the blood reaches a critical...
However, the ability to hold one's breath voluntarily is not limitless. When the CO2 concentration in the blood reaches a critical...
1.8K
01:20Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
5.0K
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
5.0K
01:24Respiratory Capacities
1.7K
Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
1.7K