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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Introduction to Microbial Ecology01:28

Introduction to Microbial Ecology

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Microbial ecology examines the complex web of interactions and diversity among microorganisms within various ecosystems. This field seeks to understand how microbial populations adapt to and influence their environments and how these interactions shape broader ecological processes. Microbes are integral to ecosystem function, participating in nutrient cycling, energy flow, and the maintenance of environmental homeostasis.An ecosystem represents a dynamic interaction between living organisms...
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The Oral Microbiota01:27

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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Microenvironments01:22

Microenvironments

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Microorganisms inhabit highly localized spaces known as microenvironments, which are defined by distinct physical and chemical characteristics. These include oxygen concentration, pH, temperature, light availability, and nutrient levels. The conditions within a microenvironment can differ markedly from those in the surrounding area and significantly influence microbial growth, metabolism, and community structure.Microenvironments often display sharp physicochemical gradients over small spatial...
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Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
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Microbiota of Attine Ants' Gardens: Visualizing a Microbial Landscape by Scanning Electron Microscopy
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The Cacti Microbiome: Interplay between Habitat-Filtering and Host-Specificity.

Citlali Fonseca-García1, Devin Coleman-Derr2, Etzel Garrido1

  • 1Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Irapuato, Mexico.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|February 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Microbial communities in cacti are mainly shaped by plant compartments, not species. Fungi show specific stem interactions, while other microbes may have similar roles across cactus species, aiding arid agriculture.

Keywords:
CAM plantsCactaceaeIllumina amplicon sequencingarid and semi-arid ecosystemsholobiontmicrobial diversitymicrobiomesplant-microbe interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Plant Science
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Cactaceae (cacti) are vital to arid ecosystems, but their microbial associations and community assembly rules are unclear.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for arid land sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities in two sympatric cacti species (Myrtillocactus geometrizans and Opuntia robusta).
  • To determine factors influencing microbial community composition and diversity in different plant compartments and environments.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic profiling of microbial communities.
  • Analysis of above- and below-ground compartments (phyllosphere, rhizosphere, stem endosphere).
  • Comparison across two cactus species, sites, and seasons.

Main Results:

  • Plant compartment was the primary driver of microbial community structure; species, site, and season had minor roles.
  • Bacterial and archaeal diversity was higher in the phyllosphere than rhizosphere; fungal diversity was higher in the rhizosphere.
  • Despite distinct species, cacti shared most microbial taxa, with fungi showing specific stem endosphere interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial communities in cacti are largely determined by the plant compartment, with fungi exhibiting host-specific stem interactions.
  • Vertically inherited, seed-borne microbes may enhance cactus growth and drought tolerance.
  • This research informs strategies for sustainable arid agriculture.