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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

RGB and Spectral Root Imaging for Plant Phenotyping and Physiological Research: Experimental Setup and Imaging Protocols
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[Plant Spectral Discrimination Based on Phenological Features].

Lei Zhang, Jian-long Zhao, Kun Jia

    Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
    |February 25, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study analyzed spectral data from 11 plant types to understand seasonal changes. Results show spectral features during the growth period are more distinct for plant identification than during maturation.

    Area of Science:

    • Plant science
    • Remote sensing
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Spectral analysis is crucial for plant identification, with prior research focusing on chlorophyll, moisture, and leaf structure.
    • Limited research exists on spectral changes due to plant seasonal variations in life form, chlorophyll, and leaf area index.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate spectral changes across different plant life forms and phenological stages.
    • To analyze the separability of plant spectral features between growth and maturation periods.
    • To develop a method for calculating vegetation spectra separability considering feature spatial distances.

    Main Methods:

    • Field spectral data collected for 11 diverse plant types using SVC-HR768 (350-2500 nm).
    • Analyzed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and maximum absorption depths in green and red bands after continuum removal.

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  • Calculated mean, amplitude, and gradient of spectral features over seasonal changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Spectral features during the plant growth period are significantly easier to distinguish than during the maturation period.
    • Plant separability in the growth period is approximately 3 points higher than in the maturation period.
    • Overall vegetation spectrum feature separability followed the order: seasonal amplitude > seasonal gradient > seasonal mean during the growth period.

    Conclusions:

    • Seasonal NDVI gradient, seasonal amplitude of green band maximum absorption depth, and seasonal amplitude of red band maximum absorption depth are effective for plant discrimination.
    • The developed method for calculating vegetation spectra separability aids in vegetation discrimination.
    • Spectral analysis of seasonal changes offers valuable insights into plant identification and phenological monitoring.