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TOR Signaling and Nutrient Sensing
Thomas Dobrenel1,2, Camila Caldana3, Johannes Hanson2
1Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 INRA AgroParisTech, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles 78026, France;
Annual Review of Plant Biology
|February 25, 2016
Summary
The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway regulates cell metabolism and growth based on nutrient availability. This review highlights TOR
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Plant Science
- Cellular Metabolism
Background:
- Nutrient availability is critical for all life, requiring organisms to adjust metabolism and energy production.
- The evolutionarily conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase acts as a central regulator, linking nutrient cues to cellular processes.
- TOR signaling promotes growth and anabolism during nutrient abundance and represses nutrient remobilization via autophagy during starvation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing knowledge on the relationship between TOR signaling and nutrients in non-photosynthetic organisms.
- To present recent findings on the role of TOR in plant nutrient signaling, metabolism, and growth.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on TOR signaling in various organisms.
- Synthesis of recent research findings in plant science related to nutrient-derived signals and TOR.
Main Results:
- TOR is activated by nutrient metabolites (nitrogen and carbon) and promotes energy-intensive processes like cell division and translation.
- TOR antagonizes starvation-induced kinases (AMPK/Snf1/SnRK1) in animals, yeast, and plants.
- Recent plant studies reveal TOR's crucial role in mediating nutrient signals to regulate growth and metabolism.
Conclusions:
- TOR signaling is a fundamental pathway for maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to nutrient availability across diverse organisms.
- Understanding TOR in plants is key to deciphering how nutrient signals influence plant development and metabolic strategies.
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