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The Relationship Between Controlled Substances and Violence.

Emma E McGinty, Seema Choksy, Garen J Wintemute

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Controlled substance use is linked to increased violence and suicide. However, evidence on specific substances and firearm violence is mixed, highlighting the need for more research to inform firearm laws.

    Keywords:
    controlled substancesdrug traffickingfirearmshomicidestreet drugsviolence

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health
    • Criminology

    Background:

    • Federal law prohibits controlled substance users from firearm possession.
    • Current definitions of "unlawful users" are vague and lack research basis.
    • Comprehensive reviews of controlled substances and violence are limited.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review epidemiologic evidence on controlled substances and firearm violence.
    • To examine the relationship between controlled substances and broader measures of violence and suicide.
    • To inform revisions of federal law regarding firearm prohibition criteria.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic review of 22 prospective longitudinal studies (1990-2014).
    • Searches of online databases and citation tracking.
    • Standardized data extraction and independent quality assessment by two reviewers.

    Main Results:

    • Aggregate controlled substance use showed association with increased interpersonal violence and suicide.
    • Evidence on specific substances and violence was mixed.
    • Involvement in illegal drug sales consistently correlated with interpersonal violence.

    Conclusions:

    • Controlled substance use is associated with increased violence and suicide risk.
    • More research is needed to clarify the relationship between specific controlled substances and firearm violence.
    • Revised definitions for firearm prohibition criteria require further evidence-based investigation.