Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

810

Diabetes and Kidney Disease: Role of Oxidative Stress

Jay C Jha1, Claudine Banal1, Bryna S M Chow1

  • 11 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia .

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
|February 25, 2016
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is driven by oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily via NADPH oxidases (NOXs). Targeting ROS sources offers a promising strategy to protect kidneys and prevent DKD progression.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oxidative Stress Research
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) pathogenesis involves intrarenal oxidative stress.
  • Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms antioxidant pathways.
  • NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are key mediators of renal ROS production in diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review molecular and cellular mechanisms of NOX-induced renal injury in diabetes.
  • To analyze the role of oxidative stress in glomerular injury, albuminuria, and fibrosis.
  • To discuss novel therapeutic agents targeting NOX isoforms for DKD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of existing research.
  • Focus on molecular pathways and cellular mechanisms.
  • Examination of studies investigating NOX isoforms and oxidative stress in DKD.

Main Results:

  • Increased ROS production via NOX enzymes contributes significantly to DKD.
  • Oxidative stress exacerbates glomerular injury, albuminuria, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in diabetes-induced renal oxidative damage.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting ROS generation, particularly NOX pathways, is a promising therapeutic strategy for DKD.
  • Understanding NOX-induced mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Novel agents targeting specific NOX isoforms may offer kidney protection in diabetic patients.
Keywords:
NADPH-oxidasesalbuminuriadiabetic nephropathyreactive oxygen species

More Related Videos

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

16.9K
Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells06:23

Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

635

Related Concept Videos

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
613
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
1.1K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
4.3K
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
925
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.4K
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
1.6K