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    Area of Science:

    • Nanotechnology
    • Materials Science
    • Optics

    Background:

    • Surface plasmon propagation is crucial for nanoscale optics and photonics.
    • Controlling plasmonic properties with external stimuli remains a challenge.
    • Responsive hydrogels offer tunable optical properties based on environmental changes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel method for reversible control of surface plasmon propagation.
    • To investigate the use of thermo-responsive hydrogel gratings for manipulating plasmonic bandgaps.
    • To demonstrate the temperature-induced switching of Bragg scattering in surface plasmons.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based (pNIPAAm) hydrogel nanostructure grating on a gold surface using photo-crosslinkable terpolymer and laser interference lithography.
    • Utilizing the thermo-responsive nature of pNIPAAm to induce reversible swelling and collapse of the hydrogel grating.
    • Investigating the modulation of the refractive index and its effect on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and plasmonic bandgaps.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully designed and fabricated a pNIPAAm hydrogel grating with a period of approximately 280 nm.
    • Demonstrated that temperature changes induce significant modulation of the hydrogel's refractive index (Δn~0.1).
    • Observed reversible opening and closing of a plasmonic bandgap, with partial bandgap opening of 12 nm at ~800 nm wavelength, and SPR spectral width of ~75 nm.

    Conclusions:

    • Thermo-responsive hydrogel gratings provide an effective platform for reversible control of surface plasmon propagation.
    • The refractive index modulation of the hydrogel is key to switching plasmonic bandgaps.
    • This approach offers potential for tunable optical devices and sensors.