Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

2.0K
A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
2.0K
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

393
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
393
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

1.1K
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
1.1K
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

628
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
628
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

1.1K
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
1.1K
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

5.1K
Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
5.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Excessive epithelial mechanosensation drives nociceptive innervation and chronic bladder pain via the PIEZO1-SLC7A11-glutamate axis.

Cell·2026
Same author

Dual-adjuvant mucosal vaccine leveraging mast cell and TLR9 agonists for protection against poxvirus infection.

RSC pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Selective Inhibition of Integrin β3 Topology Provides a Safer Antithrombotic Strategy.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Recombinant haemostatic protein for therapeutic substitution of platelet function via tripartite haemostatic mechanisms in thrombocytopenic male mice.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

TRPV4-Mast Cell Interactions in Neurogenic Inflammation and Chronic Diseases: A Narrative Review.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Autophagy-driven MHC-I downregulation enables NK cell-mediated clearance of intracellular uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> in urinary tract infection.

Animal cells and systems·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
09:12

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

Published on: June 15, 2018

10.5K

Why Serological Responses during Cystitis are Limited.

Hae Woong Choi1, Soman N Abraham2,3,4,5

  • 1Departments of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. haewoong.choi@duke.edu.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) may stem from immune memory defects. Bladder infections trigger mast cell-driven immunosuppression via IL-10, hindering antibody responses and potentially causing recurrent UTIs.

Keywords:
cystitisdefects in memory responsemast cellsrecurrent UTIserology

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Expanding the Scope of Multiplex Immunoassays for Lyme Borreliosis Diagnostics and Pathogen Research
05:25

Author Spotlight: Expanding the Scope of Multiplex Immunoassays for Lyme Borreliosis Diagnostics and Pathogen Research

Published on: July 14, 2023

2.1K
Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
08:40

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

21.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
09:12

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

Published on: June 15, 2018

10.5K
Author Spotlight: Expanding the Scope of Multiplex Immunoassays for Lyme Borreliosis Diagnostics and Pathogen Research
05:25

Author Spotlight: Expanding the Scope of Multiplex Immunoassays for Lyme Borreliosis Diagnostics and Pathogen Research

Published on: July 14, 2023

2.1K
Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
08:40

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

21.2K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) suggest host memory immune response defects.
  • Kidney infections elicit antibody responses, unlike bladder-limited infections.
  • The immune mechanisms underlying bladder-specific infection responses are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immune response differences between bladder and kidney infections.
  • To identify mechanisms causing suppressed humoral immunity in the bladder during UTIs.
  • To explore the role of mast cells in bladder immunity during infection.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of immune responses in bladder versus kidney infections.
  • Identification of immunosuppressive transcriptional programs during urinary tract infections.
  • Investigation of mast cell involvement and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion in the bladder.

Main Results:

  • A unique immunosuppressive transcriptional program exists in the bladder, but not kidneys, during UTIs.
  • This bladder program is mast cell-dependent and involves localized IL-10 secretion.
  • IL-10 suppresses humoral immune responses specifically within the bladder.

Conclusions:

  • Bladder mast cells mediate immune suppression during UTIs through IL-10.
  • This mast cell-driven immunosuppression may contribute to recurrent UTIs by impairing antibody responses.
  • Mast cells play a critical role in balancing infection clearance and preventing excessive immune reactions in the bladder.