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Potential selection bias associated with using geocoded birth records for epidemiologic research
Sandie Ha1, Hui Hu1, Liang Mao2
1Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Annals of Epidemiology
|February 25, 2016
Summary
Geocoding status in birth records is not random, with rural zip codes and specific maternal characteristics predicting exclusion. This exclusion may introduce selection bias in environmental epidemiology research.
Area of Science:
- Environmental epidemiology
- Biostatistics
- Public health research
Background:
- Geocoded birth registry data is increasingly used in environmental epidemiology.
- Exclusion of ungeocoded records is common practice.
- Potential for selection bias exists due to non-random exclusion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate potential selection bias from excluding ungeocoded birth records.
- To identify factors associated with geocoding status in birth data.
Main Methods:
- Utilized classification and regression tree analysis and logistic regression.
- Analyzed singleton Florida births from 2009 (n=210,285).
Main Results:
- 11.5% of records were ungeocoded, with significant variation by zip code.
- Rural zip codes were the strongest predictor of ungeocoding.
- Maternal race, age, nativity, insurance, and delivery location were associated with geocoding status, varying by urbanity.
Conclusions:
- Geocoding status is not random, indicating potential selection bias.
- Maternal characteristics associated with geocoding status are also linked to adverse birth outcomes.
- Exclusion of ungeocoded records may distort findings in environmental epidemiology.
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