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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
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Pluripotent stem cells progressing to the clinic.

Alan Trounson1, Natalie D DeWitt2,3

  • 1Monash University and Hudson Institute for Medical Research, 27-31 Right Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|February 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pluripotent stem cell derivatives offer scalable cell sources for treating diseases. Further research is needed to ensure safety and efficacy before widespread clinical application.

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Clinical Translation

Background:

  • Experimental stem cell research shows promise for clinical applications.
  • Translation to human trials is currently limited to a few diseases.
  • Pluripotent stem cell derivatives offer a scalable source of differentiated cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of pluripotent stem cell derivatives for treating a wide spectrum of diseases and injuries.
  • To highlight the necessity of gathering robust data on cell behavior in host tissues.
  • To address the challenges in the regulatory pathway for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review and perspective on the current state of pluripotent stem cell research.
  • It synthesizes existing knowledge on cell distribution, longevity, function, and mechanisms of action.
  • It discusses the regulatory hurdles for clinical implementation.

Main Results:

  • Pluripotent stem cell derivatives can potentially repair damaged tissues.
  • Data on in vivo cell behavior (distribution, longevity, function, mechanisms) is crucial.
  • The regulatory pathway for ensuring safety is lengthy and demanding.

Conclusions:

  • Pluripotent stem cells hold significant therapeutic potential for diverse conditions.
  • Ensuring safety through rigorous data collection and regulatory compliance is paramount.
  • Widespread clinical use of pluripotent stem cell therapies is still some years away.