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Selenium: clinical significance and analytical concepts.

G Lockitch1

  • 1Department of Pathology, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Selenium is a vital trace element crucial for antioxidant function. Both deficiency and excess intake can lead to severe health issues, emphasizing the need for understanding selenium nutrition.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Human Nutrition
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Selenium is an essential trace element vital for human and animal health.
  • Its primary established role in humans is the antioxidant function of glutathione peroxidase, a selenoenzyme.
  • Both severe deficiency and chronic excessive intake of selenium can result in serious health consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of selenium's role in human and animal physiology.
  • To discuss factors influencing selenium nutrition, including geographical and age-related variations.
  • To review methods for selenium quantitation and present reference values for different populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of selenium's biochemical functions, deficiency/toxicity, and nutritional aspects.
  • Analysis of geographical and age-specific variations in selenium levels.
  • Review of sampling, processing, and analytical methods for selenium quantitation.
  • Compilation of selenium content in biological matrices and reference values.

Main Results:

  • Severe selenium deficiency can lead to fatal cardiomyopathy.
  • Excessive selenium intake causes skin, nail, and hair pathology.
  • Significant geographical and age-related variations exist in population selenium levels.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding selenium's nutritional requirements, metabolism, and biological availability is critical.
  • Variability in selenium levels necessitates careful consideration of geographical, age, and methodological factors.
  • Reference values for pediatric, adult, and obstetric populations are essential for accurate selenium status assessment.

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