Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

53.5K
Overview
53.5K
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

37
Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
37
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

3.4K
Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
3.4K
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

726
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
726

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Concordance Between Maternal and Infant COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccination Status.

Pediatrics·2026
Same author

Adjuvanted vs High-Dose Influenza Vaccines in Older US Adults: A Cluster Randomized Crossover Study.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Before and During Pregnancy and Prevention of Infant COVID-19 Infection.

Pediatrics·2026
Same author

Effectiveness of 2023-2024 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines in Pregnant Women.

Obstetrics and gynecology·2025
Same author

Effectiveness of 5-pertussis-component tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap<sub>5</sub>) vaccination in pregnancy at preventing infant pertussis.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology·2025
Same author

Near real-time surveillance and tree-based data mining to assess the safety of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in older adults in the vaccine safety datalink.

Vaccine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

16.8K

Waning Tdap Effectiveness in Adolescents.

Nicola P Klein1, Joan Bartlett2, Bruce Fireman2

  • 1Northern California Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, California nicola.klein@kp.org.

Pediatrics
|February 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Protection from the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine wanes quickly in adolescents after childhood diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccination. Tdap vaccine effectiveness decreases significantly within years, failing to prevent pertussis outbreaks.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

11.4K
A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo
11:17

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

Published on: August 11, 2018

12.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

16.8K
Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

11.4K
A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo
11:17

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

Published on: August 11, 2018

12.7K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine effectiveness wanes after childhood doses.
  • Adolescents rely on tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) for pertussis protection.
  • Pertussis outbreaks occurred in California despite high Tdap coverage in adolescents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Tdap vaccine effectiveness (VE) and waning in adolescents primarily vaccinated with DTaP.
  • To assess the impact of time since Tdap vaccination on pertussis risk.

Main Methods:

  • Cox regression analysis was used to model pertussis risk in relation to Tdap vaccination status.
  • Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for each year after Tdap vaccination.
  • VE was calculated as 1 - HR, adjusting for demographic and facility factors.

Main Results:

  • Tdap VE was 68.8% in the first year post-vaccination, declining to 8.9% by 4 years.
  • Adolescents vaccinated longer ago had a significantly higher risk of pertussis (HR per year 1.35).
  • Time since Tdap vaccination was a significant predictor of pertussis risk.

Conclusions:

  • Routine Tdap vaccination in adolescents did not prevent pertussis outbreaks.
  • Tdap provides only moderate, short-term protection against pertussis in this population.
  • Little protection remains 2-3 years after Tdap vaccination in adolescents with prior DTaP series.