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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Related Experiment Video

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Techniques for Investigating the Anatomy of the Ant Visual System
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Rotating panoramic view: interaction between visual and olfactory cues in ants.

Mai Minoura1, Kohei Sonoda2, Tomoko Sakiyama1

  • 1School of Fundamental Science and Engineering , Waseda University , Tokyo, Japan.

Royal Society Open Science
|February 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Ants navigate using a combination of visual cues and pheromone trails. This study shows ants use visual panorama information to orient their direction while following a pheromone trail to their nest.

Keywords:
antforaginglandmark

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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Neuroethology
  • Insect navigation

Background:

  • Insects utilize a complex navigational toolkit, including path integration, visual cues, and olfactory signals.
  • Understanding how ants integrate diverse sensory information for navigation is crucial for comprehending their complex behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how garden ants (Lasius niger) combine directional information from a visual panorama with olfactory cues from a pheromone trail to guide their movement towards their nest.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted using a rotating table to manipulate the visual panorama relative to a pheromone trail.
  • The rotational speed was calibrated so that the visual panorama rotated approximately 90° by the time the ant reached the center of the trail.

Main Results:

  • Ants successfully followed the pheromone trail despite the rotating visual panorama.
  • The ants performed a U-turn at approximately 90° of visual rotation, maintaining a nest-ward direction.
  • The findings indicate ants' ability to maintain course on a pheromone trail while utilizing visual input for directional orientation.

Conclusions:

  • Ants prioritize following the pheromone trail for maintaining their path.
  • Visual panorama information is actively used by ants to determine their direction of travel along the pheromone trail.
  • This study highlights the sophisticated integration of sensory cues in insect navigation.