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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
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Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
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In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Why is nitric oxide important for our brain?

Eleonora Džoljić, Ivan Grbatinić, Vladimir Kostić

    Functional Neurology
    |February 25, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in the brain, influencing cell communication. Understanding its dual role offers potential for new clinical treatments targeting NO pathways.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biochemistry
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a crucial messenger in the central nervous system (CNS).
    • Glutamate, the primary CNS neurotransmitter, initiates the synthesis of NO.
    • NO's diverse physiological and pathophysiological functions are increasingly recognized in clinical medicine.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the multifaceted roles of nitric oxide in the CNS.
    • To highlight the therapeutic potential stemming from the dual actions of NO.
    • To discuss the implications of NO modulation for future clinical applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on nitric oxide signaling in the CNS.
    • Analysis of the biochemical pathways involved in NO production.

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    Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells
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    Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

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  • Examination of the physiological and pathophysiological effects of NO.

    • Main Results:

    • Nitric oxide is integral to intercellular communication in the brain.
    • NO exhibits a "double-edged sword" effect, with both beneficial and detrimental impacts.
    • The discovery of NO's roles was recognized with the Nobel Prize in 1998.

    Conclusions:

    • Selective manipulation of NO pathways presents a significant therapeutic challenge.
    • Further clinical applications involving NO, its analogs, and NOS inhibitors are anticipated.
    • Targeted therapeutic strategies could leverage NO's complex biological activities for medical benefit.