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Effects of guest feeding programs on captive giraffe behavior.

David A Orban1, Janice M Siegford2, Richard J Snider1

  • 1Department of Integrative Biology (formerly Zoology), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.

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|February 25, 2016
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Guest feeding programs in zoos can increase giraffe idleness but may reduce oral stereotypic behaviors by extending foraging time. Further research is needed to balance enrichment with potential welfare consequences.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Zoo welfare
  • Conservation science

Background:

  • Zoological institutions offer human-animal interactions for conservation, education, and recreation.
  • The animal welfare implications of these interactions, particularly guest feeding programs, are not well understood.
  • Stereotypic behaviors in captive giraffes may indicate unfulfilled foraging needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the impacts of guest feeding programs on captive giraffe behavior and welfare.
  • To document giraffe time budgets, including normal and stereotypic behaviors.
  • To investigate the relationship between participation in feeding programs and specific behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Behavioral study involving 30 giraffes across nine zoos (six with and three without guest feeding programs).
  • Observation using instantaneous scan sampling and continuous behavioral sampling techniques.
  • Data analyzed using linear mixed models.

Main Results:

  • Increased participation in guest feeding programs correlated with more idle time and marginally less rumination.
  • Guest feeding programs did not affect the performance of stereotypic behaviors.
  • Greater overall feeding time (routine + guest feeding) was associated with less oral stereotypic behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Guest feeding programs can potentially serve as environmental enrichment by extending foraging time and complexity.
  • These programs may alleviate unfulfilled foraging motivations underlying oral stereotypic behaviors in captive giraffes.
  • Management strategies should be adjusted to mitigate increased idleness and other potential program consequences.