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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Freshwater Ecology

Background:

  • Understanding ecosystem responses to climate variation is crucial for predicting global change impacts.
  • Complex food web responses to climate variations remain poorly understood.
  • Intraguild predation (IGP) systems offer insights into predator-prey dynamics under environmental change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the effects of temperature variation on the intraguild-predation (IGP) system in Windermere (UK).
  • Analyze how pike (Esox lucius) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) interactions are affected by climate and disease.
  • Determine the role of top predators in mediating ecosystem responses to global change.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized long-term time series data for spectral analysis.
  • Examined the IGP system involving pike and two size classes of perch.
  • Assessed the impact of a perch pathogen outbreak in 1976.

Main Results:

  • Pike recruitment dynamics were found to be temperature-controlled.
  • A 1976 perch pathogen outbreak shifted the IGP system, favoring pike dominance.
  • This regime shift triggered a temperature-controlled trophic cascade affecting dissolved nutrients.
  • Warming and pathogens showed synergistic top-down effects on ecosystem functioning in this IGP system.

Conclusions:

  • Top predators significantly mediate community responses to global change.
  • Size-selective agents, like pathogens, can alter food web structure and ecosystem sensitivity to climate variation.
  • The IGP structure in Windermere demonstrated a unique interaction between climate, disease, and trophic cascades.