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Canine Stifle Biomechanics Associated With a Novel Extracapsular Articulating Implant Predicted Using a Computer

Gina E Bertocci1, Nathan P Brown1, Neil A Embleton2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.

Veterinary Surgery : VS
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The extracapsular articulating implant (EAI) alters canine stifle biomechanics in cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient knees. While reducing some ligament loads, it does not fully restore normal stifle function compared to an intact joint.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary biomechanics
  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Canine stifle joint analysis

Background:

  • Cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficiency is a common cause of stifle instability in dogs.
  • Current surgical interventions aim to restore stifle stability and function.
  • Understanding the biomechanical impact of implants is crucial for improving surgical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the biomechanical effects of the Simitri Stable in Stride™ extracapsular articulating implant (EAI) in a canine cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifle model.
  • To compare stifle biomechanics with the EAI to both CrCL-intact and CrCL-deficient states.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 3-dimensional (3D) quasi-static rigid body canine pelvic limb computer simulation model.
  • Implemented the EAI into a previously developed CrCL-deficient stifle model.
  • Analyzed ligament loads, relative tibial translation, and rotation during the stance phase of gait.

Main Results:

  • The EAI significantly altered peak ligament loads compared to the CrCL-intact stifle.
  • Compared to the CrCL-deficient stifle, the EAI significantly decreased peak caudal cruciate, lateral collateral, and medial collateral ligament loads.
  • Peak relative tibial translation and rotation were significantly reduced with the EAI compared to the CrCL-deficient state.

Conclusions:

  • The EAI application modified biomechanics in the CrCL-deficient canine stifle.
  • The EAI did not fully restore stifle biomechanics to those observed in a CrCL-intact stifle.
  • Further research may be needed to optimize implant designs for complete functional restoration.