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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

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Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
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Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Development of a Preclinical Inhalation Model to Test Vaporized Cannabis Distillates
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Published on: May 30, 2025

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Herpes simplex virus bronchiolitis in a cannabis user.

Daniel H Libraty1, Lisa Bocelli1, Armando Fraire2

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.

Idcases
|February 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause uncommon lower respiratory infections in adults. This case highlights a link between chronic marijuana use, orolabial herpes, and HSV-induced bronchiolitis and pneumonitis.

Keywords:
BronchiolitisHerpes simplex virus-1MarijuanaPneumonitis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) typically causes orolabial or genital lesions.
  • Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) due to HSV are rare in immunocompetent adults.
  • Chronic habitual marijuana use is increasingly recognized for potential health impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report an unusual case of HSV-induced bronchiolitis and pneumonitis.
  • To explore the potential association between chronic marijuana use and HSV LRTI.
  • To raise awareness of HSV as a differential diagnosis in specific patient populations.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an immunocompetent adult presenting with respiratory symptoms.
  • Clinical evaluation including history of marijuana use and orolabial ulcer.
  • Diagnostic workup to identify the causative pathogen.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with symptoms consistent with bronchiolitis and pneumonitis.
  • Herpes simplex virus was identified as the causative agent of the lower respiratory tract infection.
  • The infection was temporally associated with a concurrent orolabial herpetic outbreak and a history of chronic marijuana use.

Conclusions:

  • Herpes simplex virus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of uncommon lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in individuals with risk factors.
  • Chronic habitual marijuana use may be an underrecognized factor predisposing to HSV lower respiratory tract disease.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering viral etiologies beyond typical bacterial pathogens in respiratory infections.