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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Sleep Apnea in Type 2 Diabetes.

Jimmy Doumit1, Bharati Prasad1

  • 1Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.

Diabetes Spectrum : a Publication of the American Diabetes Association
|February 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) negatively impacts glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, increasing type 2 diabetes risk. Treating OSA can help restore normal glucose levels.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.
  • Obesity significantly influences the relationship between OSA and type 2 diabetes development.
  • Pathophysiological consequences of OSA, including intermittent hypoxia, directly affect glucose regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the impact of obstructive sleep apnea on glucose metabolism.
  • To highlight the role of obesity as a moderator in OSA's effect on type 2 diabetes.
  • To underscore the potential of OSA treatment in improving glucose homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating OSA and glucose metabolism.
  • Analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking OSA to metabolic dysfunction.

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  • Examination of evidence regarding the effects of OSA treatment on glucose control.

    • Main Results:

    • OSA is associated with altered glucose metabolism and increased insulin resistance.
    • Obesity exacerbates the diabetogenic effects of OSA.
    • Chronic intermittent hypoxia and other OSA-related factors directly impair glucose metabolism.
    • Treatment of OSA has demonstrated improvements in glucose homeostasis.

    Conclusions:

    • Obstructive sleep apnea poses a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes, particularly in obese individuals.
    • Direct pathophysiological effects of OSA on glucose metabolism are evident.
    • Therapeutic interventions for OSA can positively influence glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity.