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On the way of revealing coactivator complexes cross-talk during transcriptional activation

Aleksey N Krasnov1, Marina Yu Mazina1, Julia V Nikolenko1

  • 1Department of Transcription Regulation and Chromatin Dynamic, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia.

Cell & Bioscience
|February 26, 2016
PubMed

Insights

This review details how coactivator complexes, crucial for gene transcription, function at specific stages. Understanding their dynamic binding and removal offers insights into transcriptional regulation mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transcriptional activation is a complex process involving numerous proteins organized into coactivator complexes.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms and temporal roles of these coactivator complexes in transcription remain understudied.
  • Existing research often examines coactivator complexes in the overall transcription process, with limited focus on specific stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the participation of key coactivator complexes in transcriptional activation.
  • To restructure information on transcriptional processes by focusing on the timing of coactivator complex binding and removal.
  • To propose a model illustrating coactivator complex involvement across distinct stages of transcription activation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing existing publications on coactivator complexes in transcriptional activation.
  • Analysis of coactivator complex functions based on their recruitment and removal phases during distinct transcriptional stages.
  • Identification of transcriptional stages using covalent histone modifications and general transcriptional factors.

Main Results:

  • Several major stages of transcriptional activation were identified, characterized by specific histone modifications and transcription factors.
  • Recruitment and removal phases for various coactivator complexes were determined, highlighting differential study focus.
  • Mediator, SWI/SNF, and NoRC complexes are well-studied, while CHD and Iba57 families require further investigation.
  • Mechanisms for coactivator complex removal post-termination are largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • A proposed scheme illustrates the dynamic involvement of coactivator complexes throughout transcription activation stages.
  • This framework can enhance understanding of coactivator complex molecular mechanisms and identify novel participants.
  • The review may reveal new structural and functional connections between different coactivators, advancing the field of gene regulation.
Keywords:
ChromatinCoactivator complexesPreinitiation complexRNA polymerase IIRemodelingTranscription

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