Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

1.7K
Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
1.7K
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

2.3K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
2.3K
Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision03:37

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

113.5K
Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. 
113.5K
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

7.8K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
7.8K
Forgetting01:21

Forgetting

491
Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...
491
Chunking01:12

Chunking

516
Chunking is a powerful cognitive technique that improves short-term memory retention by organizing information into smaller, more manageable units. The brain, limited by working memory capacity, can more easily process and store information when it is divided into "chunks" rather than presented as discrete, unrelated elements. Chunking is especially useful when dealing with large amounts of information, such as numerical sequences, words, or complex ideas.
The principle behind chunking...
516

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High-throughput DNA engineering by mating bacteria.

Cell systems·2026
Same author

Engineering Brain Injury In Vitro: Human iPSC-Based Organoids in Microfluidic Systems.

Applied sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Abrupt changes in orientation, but not color, define the boundaries of attentional episodes.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2026
Same author

Pathogen-focused metagenomic analysis reveals predominance of human rotavirus genotypes G3 and G12 in Zambian pediatric diarrhea cases.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Understanding the flexibility of working memory: Compositionality, generative processing, anchors and holistic representations.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2025
Same author

Clinical and analytical validation of MI Cancer Seek®, a companion diagnostic whole exome and whole transcriptome sequencing-based comprehensive molecular profiling assay.

Oncotarget·2025
Same journal

Analysis of human visual experience data.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Pyramid-based Bayesian modeling for high-resolution behavioral analysis.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Sensation without perception: The white whale effect and perceptual blindness in autonomous vehicles.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Gaze behavior during closed-captioned movie viewing adapts to absent audio through more frequent switching between text and scene.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

In pursuit of saccade awareness: Limited volitional control and minimal conscious access to catch-up saccades during smooth pursuit eye movements.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Dissociable effects of element-lifetime and stimulus-duration on local and global motion processing: An equivalent noise study.

Journal of vision·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

A Within-Subject Experimental Design using an Object Location Task in Rats
09:28

A Within-Subject Experimental Design using an Object Location Task in Rats

Published on: May 6, 2021

5.4K

Memory for a single object has differently variable precisions for relevant and irrelevant features.

Garrett Swan, John Collins, Brad Wyble

    Journal of Vision
    |February 26, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Working memory limitations were studied using a surprise test on visual object features. Memory for irrelevant features was coarse-grained, suggesting attention influences encoding precision.

    More Related Videos

    The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
    05:15

    The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

    Published on: February 19, 2018

    11.5K
    Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice
    08:52

    Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice

    Published on: August 30, 2017

    78.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

    A Within-Subject Experimental Design using an Object Location Task in Rats
    09:28

    A Within-Subject Experimental Design using an Object Location Task in Rats

    Published on: May 6, 2021

    5.4K
    The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
    05:15

    The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

    Published on: February 19, 2018

    11.5K
    Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice
    08:52

    Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice

    Published on: August 30, 2017

    78.5K

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive psychology
    • Neuroscience
    • Visual perception

    Background:

    • Working memory is a finite cognitive resource essential for processing information.
    • Understanding the precise nature of information encoded in working memory, especially task-irrelevant features, is crucial for characterizing its limitations.
    • Previous research has primarily focused on the memory of task-relevant features.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the memory quality of task-irrelevant visual features.
    • To investigate how attention allocation during encoding affects memory precision for different object features.
    • To explore the trade-offs in working memory precision between relevant and irrelevant features.

    Main Methods:

    • A delayed estimation task was employed with a single visual object (colored arrow).
    • Participants initially recalled the object's color (task-relevant) followed by a surprise test for its direction (task-irrelevant).
    • Mixture modeling analysis was used to assess memory precision for both features.

    Main Results:

    • Memory precision for the task-irrelevant feature (direction) was highly variable and coarse-grained.
    • After the surprise test, participants showed precise recall of the direction.
    • However, this improvement in direction memory led to a decrease in color memory precision, despite attending to a single object.

    Conclusions:

    • Attention plays a significant role in determining the precision of memory encoding for different features of a visual object.
    • Working memory encoding is not absolute but rather a graded process influenced by attentional focus.
    • There may be a trade-off in attentional resources allocated to maintaining different features within working memory.