Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 25, 2026

03:40
Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting
Published on: January 17, 2025
941
[Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill adults]
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 27, 2016
Summary
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy provides artificial life support for critical respiratory or cardiac failure. This review details the principles and evidence for using ECMO in critically ill adults.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Respiratory Medicine
- Critical Care Medicine
Context:
- Severe respiratory failure
- Cardiac failure
- Refractory cardiac arrest
Purpose:
- To describe the physiological principles of ECMO
- To review clinical evidence supporting ECMO use
- To inform clinicians on ECMO application in critical care
Summary:
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life support system using a membrane oxygenator and pump.
- Veno-venous ECMO supports gas exchange in respiratory failure.
- Veno-arterial ECMO provides hemodynamic support and gas exchange for cardiac failure or arrest.
Impact:
- Facilitates management of critically ill adult patients with severe cardiorespiratory failure.
- Provides a bridge to recovery or definitive treatment.
- Enhances survival rates in conditions previously deemed untreatable.
Related Concept Videos
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV
701
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
701
Administering Oxygen by Mask
3.5K
Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
3.5K
Acute Respiratory Failure-III
1.1K
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
1.1K
Acute Respiratory Failure-II
1.5K
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
1.5K
Acute Respiratory Failure-V
628
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
628
Acute Respiratory Failure-I
1.4K
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
1.4K

