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Optic Nerve and Cerebral Edema in the Course of Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Łukasz Szmygel1, Wojciech Kosiak, Katarzyna Zorena

  • 1Clinic of Pediatrics Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland.

Current Neuropharmacology
|February 27, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes in children. Ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (US ONSD) shows promise for monitoring cerebral edema during DKA treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes incidence is rising in children and adolescents.
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a frequent acute complication, with cerebral edema being the most dangerous.
  • Cerebral edema in DKA can be symptomatic or subclinical, necessitating improved monitoring methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on assessing and monitoring cerebral edema during DKA treatment in children with type 1 diabetes.
  • To evaluate the utility of ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (US ONSD) assessment in this pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies indexed in PubMed and other databases.
  • Focus on research concerning DKA treatment in children with type 1 diabetes.
  • Analysis of studies utilizing US ONSD for cerebral edema assessment.

Main Results:

  • US ONSD assessment is increasingly used in children, though more common in adults.
  • US ONSD shows potential as a tool for monitoring cerebral edema in pediatric DKA.
  • Research indicates the usefulness of US ONSD in managing DKA in type 1 diabetic children.

Conclusions:

  • There is an ongoing need for effective methods to assess and monitor cerebral edema in pediatric DKA.
  • US ONSD assessment represents a valuable and evolving technique for managing cerebral edema in children with type 1 diabetes and DKA.

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