Epigenetics in Multiple Sclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Dietary Intervention

Area of Science:

• Neuroimmunology
• Epigenetics
• Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

• Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, neurodegenerative demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS).
• MS causes significant disability in young adults, with increasing prevalence.
• Its etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic and epigenetic modifications influencing gene expression and protein production.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review external factors influencing MS and their associated epigenetic mechanisms.
• To explore the role of dietary components in modulating MS relapse and progression.
• To identify potential therapeutic targets for preventing disability and improving quality of life.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of established and emerging evidence on MS etiology.
• Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modifications.
• Evaluation of the impact of dietary components on neuroinflammation and neuroprotection.

Main Results:

• External factors significantly influence MS, with epigenetic mechanisms like hypomethylation potentially triggering autoimmune reactions.
• Bioactive dietary components, including polyphenols and fatty acids, show therapeutic potential in neurodegeneration.
• While many factors influence MS, specific epigenetic mechanisms are still under investigation.

Conclusions:

• Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors interplay in MS pathogenesis.
• Dietary components offer promising avenues for modulating MS relapse and progression.
• Further research into specific epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.