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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
Shi-Ming He1, Yuan Wang1, Tian-Zhi Zhao1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Endoscopic endonasal transclival surgery offers a minimally invasive approach for resecting mesencephalic cavernous malformations. This technique successfully removed a brainstem cavernoma, improving patient outcomes with reduced surgical morbidity.
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