Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:06

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

1.6K
Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
1.6K
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

1.2K
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
1.2K
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

903
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
903
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

2.6K
The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
2.6K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.4K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.4K
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

24.1K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
24.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

In Vivo Quantitative Detection of PEGylated Macromolecules by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

NMR in biomedicine·2026
Same author

Fluorescence readouts of KL<sub>4</sub>-induced changes in lipid order and fluidity in surfactant-like bilayers relevant to ARDS and COVID-19 lung injury.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes·2026
Same author

Backbone NMR resonance assignments for the C2 domain of the Streptococcus mutans adhesin P1.

Biomolecular NMR assignments·2025
Same author

Silica-Supported Vanadium-oxo-alkylidene for Self-Metathesis of Propene.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Protocol for high-power, brain-focused microwave fixation to define rodent metabolism.

STAR protocols·2025
Same author

Assessing cancer therapeutic efficacy in vivo using [<sup>2</sup>H<sub>7</sub>]glucose deuterium metabolic imaging.

Science advances·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
10:54

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Published on: February 23, 2016

11.3K

Expeditious dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization without glassing agents.

Bimala Lama1, James H P Collins1, Daniel Downes1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

NMR in Biomedicine
|February 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a new method for hyperpolarizing metabolic substrates using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) without glassing agents. This approach speeds up polarization and is safe for real-time biochemical analysis.

Keywords:
13C MRSDNPglassing agentshyperpolarizationin vivoisopentanetoxicityvitrified

More Related Videos

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
11:43

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

11.1K
Production of Synthetic Nuclear Melt Glass
04:36

Production of Synthetic Nuclear Melt Glass

Published on: January 4, 2016

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
10:54

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Published on: February 23, 2016

11.3K
Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
11:43

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

11.1K
Production of Synthetic Nuclear Melt Glass
04:36

Production of Synthetic Nuclear Melt Glass

Published on: January 4, 2016

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Medical Imaging
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) enhances nuclear spin polarization for improved Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Spectroscopy (MRS).
  • Traditional DNP methods often require glassing agents, which can be toxic and complicate sample preparation.
  • Real-time tracking of biochemical reactions necessitates efficient and rapid sample preparation for DNP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel, broadly applicable method for rapid DNP hyperpolarization of aqueous small-molecule substrate solutions.
  • To eliminate the need for toxic glassing agents in dissolution DNP sample preparation.
  • To assess the efficiency and polarization levels achieved with the new method compared to standard techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a rapid freezing technique for aqueous substrate solutions without glassing agents.
  • Application of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) at low temperatures to hyperpolarize prepared samples.
  • Dissolution of hyperpolarized samples and subsequent injection into Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) systems.
  • Demonstration using sodium acetate, pyruvate, and butyrate solutions.

Main Results:

  • The novel rapid freezing method significantly reduced polarization buildup time by 1.5-3 fold.
  • The method successfully obviated the need for toxic glassing agents.
  • Achievable polarization levels in fully aqueous substrate solutions were comparable to those obtained with standard methods using glassing agents.
  • The approach proved effective for sodium acetate, pyruvate, and butyrate solutions.

Conclusions:

  • A new, efficient, and safer method for preparing DNP-polarized aqueous substrate solutions has been established.
  • This technique accelerates the hyperpolarization process and removes the requirement for hazardous glassing agents.
  • The method holds broad applicability for in vitro and in vivo real-time metabolic studies using MRSI/NMR.