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Renal function in acute malaria in children.

S H Ahmad, T Danish, M M Faridi

    Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
    |December 1, 1989
    PubMed
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    Acute malaria in children can cause temporary renal impairment, particularly with Plasmodium falciparum infections. Most cases of decreased kidney function in children with malaria resolved over time.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Nephrology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Tropical Medicine

    Background:

    • Acute malaria is a significant global health issue affecting children.
    • Renal impairment is a known complication of severe malaria.
    • The specific impact of Plasmodium species on renal function in children requires further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess renal function in children with acute malaria.
    • To determine the association between Plasmodium species and the incidence of renal impairment.
    • To evaluate the reversibility of malaria-associated renal impairment.

    Main Methods:

    • Renal function tests, including endogenous creatinine clearance, were performed on 75 children with smear-positive acute malaria.
    • A control group of 10 healthy children was included for comparison.

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  • Data analysis focused on correlating Plasmodium species with the severity of renal impairment.

    • Main Results:

    • Renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 65 ml/min/m2) was observed in 36 of 75 malaria-affected children.
    • Plasmodium falciparum was associated with a higher incidence (66%) and greater reduction in creatinine clearance compared to Plasmodium vivax (30%).
    • Follow-up data from 14 patients indicated a return to normal renal function.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute malaria can lead to reversible renal impairment in children.
    • Plasmodium falciparum infections pose a greater risk for developing renal dysfunction.
    • Prompt diagnosis and management of malaria are crucial for preventing long-term renal complications.